ECShiftGraph.Shock · Shift(s) · Result
← Course home

EC311 · Intermediate Microeconomics

EC311 / TOPIC 21

6.3 Short-run and long-run costs

Why does MC cross AVC and ATC at their minimum points?

A marginal value below an average pulls it down and one above pushes it up, so they meet at the minimum.

Follow the cause and effect

  1. Write TC=FC+VC(q) and divide by q for AFC, AVC, and ATC.

  2. Find MC=dTC/dq and its intersections with average curves.

  3. Separate avoidable shutdown costs from long-run costs.

The model you are using

KEY MODEL
TC=36+4q+q²
ATC=36/q+4+q
AVC=4+q
MC=4+2q

Conditions for this model

q>0 for averages; FC=36 is unavoidable in the short run.

The exam trap

Fixed cost does not change MC but does affect ATC and profit, so it cannot be ignored everywhere.

Connect the reasoning to the graph

What changes

  • MC crosses the minima of AVC and ATC, while AFC declines continuously as q rises.

What stays fixed

q>0 for averages; FC=36 is unavoidable in the short run.

Keep these conditions throughout the comparison; change only what the case above specifies.

What to inspect

Separate avoidable shutdown costs from long-run costs.

Compare before and after, and locate the conclusion on the graph.

5 MINUTES · TRANSFER THE IDEA

Can you explain it without the lesson?

Draw the effect of higher fixed cost on MC, AVC, and ATC, identifying unchanged curves.

Lesson references

  • Pindyck & Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, 9th Global ed., pp. 244, 263
21/43