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EC311 · Intermediate Microeconomics

EC311 / TOPIC 27

8.1 Monopoly, market power and multiple plants

How does a monopolist choose Q and P when selling more lowers the price on earlier units?

Choose Q from MR=MC, read P from demand, and allocate across plants by equalizing MC.

Follow the cause and effect

  1. Derive TR=P(Q)Q and MR from inverse demand.

  2. Set MR=MC for Qm, then substitute into demand for Pm.

  3. With multiple plants set MC1=MC2=MR and sum qi=Q.

The model you are using

KEY MODEL
P=100−Q
MC=20 ⇒ Qm=40, Pm=60
MR(Q)=MC₁(q₁)=MC₂(q₂)

Conditions for this model

Single uniform-price seller, no policy intervention in the example, linear demand and constant MC.

The exam trap

Do not impose P=MC as under competition, and explain rather than merely label the multi-plant condition.

Connect the reasoning to the graph

What changes

  • MR lies below downward demand; project upward from MR=MC to read price on demand.

What stays fixed

Single uniform-price seller, no policy intervention in the example, linear demand and constant MC.

Keep these conditions throughout the comparison; change only what the case above specifies.

What to inspect

With multiple plants set MC1=MC2=MR and sum qi=Q.

Compare before and after, and locate the conclusion on the graph.

5 MINUTES · TRANSFER THE IDEA

Can you explain it without the lesson?

Use the elasticity markup rule and explain why demand must be elastic at an interior optimum.

Lesson references

  • Pindyck & Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, 9th Global ed., pp. 379–380, 392
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