ECShiftGraph.Shock · Shift(s) · Result
← Course home

EC311 · Intermediate Microeconomics

EC311 / TOPIC 34

8.8 Sequential games, credibility and repetition

When is a threat credible, and how can repetition support cooperation?

Sequential games use backward induction; repeated games compare today’s deviation gain with future punishment.

Follow the cause and effect

  1. At every terminal decision node, choose the actual best response.

  2. Discard threats the issuer would not want to carry out.

  3. In repetition, compare cooperation value with one-time deviation plus punishment.

The model you are using

KEY MODEL
Cooperate:6/(1−δ)
deviate once then punishment:8+3δ/(1−δ)

Conditions for this model

Repeated example uses the previous payoffs, permanent (L,L) punishment, observable actions and 0≤δ<1.

The exam trap

A severe announced punishment is not credible if carrying it out is worse for the threatener.

Connect the reasoning to the graph

What changes

  • A game tree shows order and information sets; do not collapse it into a matrix when timing matters.

What stays fixed

Repeated example uses the previous payoffs, permanent (L,L) punishment, observable actions and 0≤δ<1.

Keep these conditions throughout the comparison; change only what the case above specifies.

What to inspect

In repetition, compare cooperation value with one-time deviation plus punishment.

Compare before and after, and locate the conclusion on the graph.

5 MINUTES · TRANSFER THE IDEA

Can you explain it without the lesson?

Find the δ threshold supporting cooperation under grim trigger for your own payoff numbers.

Lesson references

  • Pindyck & Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, 9th Global ed., pp. 509, 517
34/43